The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) has issued a public health advisory warning that several northern states face a heightened risk of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) as dry season conditions intensify across parts of Nigeria.
In a notice shared on its X (formerly Twitter) handle, the agency described meningitis as a serious infection that affects the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It noted that the disease is commonly caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis and spreads mainly through respiratory droplets, particularly in crowded or poorly ventilated environments.
List of states at high risk of meningitis
NiMet identified Sokoto, Zamfara, Kebbi, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Adamawa, Gombe, Bauchi, Yobe and Borno as states at high risk of the disease.
The agency also advised residents in parts of central Nigeria to remain vigilant and promptly report suspected symptoms, while Plateau, Oyo, Cross River, Edo, Ekiti and Enugu were categorised as low-vigilance areas.
“Stay informed. Follow public health guidance and participate in community awareness campaigns,” NiMet said.
“Protect yourself and your community. Early awareness, vaccination, and prompt treatment save lives,” the agency added.
According to NiMet, meningitis can progress rapidly and become life-threatening within hours if left untreated. However, early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic treatment significantly improve survival rates and reduce complications.
The agency listed children and young adults, people living in overcrowded environments, individuals exposed to dry and dusty conditions, and those with weakened immune systems among the most vulnerable groups.
Symptoms to watch for include sudden high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting, and sensitivity to light.
NiMet emphasised that vaccination remains one of the most effective preventive measures against the disease. It also urged residents to practise good hygiene, wash hands regularly, avoid sharing personal items such as cups or utensils, and ensure proper ventilation in homes, schools and public spaces.
Nigeria has recorded recurrent meningitis outbreaks over the years, particularly in northern states within Africa’s “meningitis belt,” where dry season conditions — including hot, dusty weather and overcrowding — often increase transmission risks.
In April 2025, the country received more than one million doses of meningococcal conjugate vaccines to tackle an outbreak that had already recorded more than 800 cases and over 70 deaths across several states.
The vaccination campaign targeted people aged one to 29 years, the group most affected by the disease.
Health authorities say sustained vaccination efforts, improved disease surveillance, and early medical treatment remain critical to reducing fatalities and containing future outbreaks.
