A group of 20 African civil society organisations, including three from South Africa, have written an open letter to Nestlé, demanding the company stop adding sugar to baby food products.
This comes after an investigation by Swiss investigative outfit Public Eye found that 90% of Nestlé Cerelac, a popular baby cereal, sold in 20 African countries has sugar added.
In South Africa, Cerelac has 4g added sugar per serving , and 6g added sugar on average in several African countries, according to Public Eye.
In Switzerland, Germany and the United Kingdom, Cerelac has no added sugar.
Nestlé has, however, introduced two new no-added-sugar variants of Cerelac in South Africa.
The amount of sugar found in South African Cerelac is more than that declared on package labels, Public Eye found.
Public Eye also found that Cerelac is being marketed to mothers in South Africa as a healthy and nutritious option, and media influencers are being appointed to promote this image.
GroundUp has spoken to researchers who say that, although only breast milk and specialised baby formulas are suitable for infants under six months, baby cereals are often used to stretch baby formula in rural areas of the Eastern Cape. This has led to cases of malnutrition.
Nestlé has rejected Public Eye’s findings as “misleading and scientifically inaccurate”.
Too much sugar
The World Health Organisation warns parents that among the health risks of feeding babies too much sugar is that they can develop a sweet tooth, which can make them more likely to develop chronic illnesses later in life.
Nestlé itself, the Public Eye investigation points out, has a website for South African mothers that warns against high sugar intake for children and recommends unsweetened products for children. It recommends a limit of 4g of added sugar a day.
Nestlé’s Global Head of Public Affairs, Chris Hogg, said in a response to the open letter by civil society organisations that Public Eye likely included sugars from cereal, milk and fruit sources in its analysis. When removing these sugars, the Cerelac products do not “contain the levels of added refined sugars they claim,” said Hogg.
But Public Eye investigator, Laurent Gabarell, told GroundUp that their analysis specifically excluded the sugars found in cereals and fruit.
Hogg also says Nestlé’s cereals always comply with local regulations. If there are no local regulations, products comply with the limits prescribed by the International Food Code, Codex Alimentarius.
This code allows up to 10g of added sugar per serving for baby cereals, which is higher than the 6g detected by Public Eye.
But Petronell Kruger of the Healthy Living Alliance says Codex has been vulnerable to industry lobbying.
Patti Rundall, policy director at the International Baby Food Action Network, says a baby food industry lobby group shut down criticism of high sugar content in baby cereals during a 2024 meeting of the labelling committee.
In a response to GroundUp, Nestlé said Cerelac variants with no added sugar are being rolled out and the company aims to have these products available in all its markets by the end of 2025. “We offer variants with and without added sugars positioned in the same price range in both Africa and Europe,” the company said.
“Champion meal”
The Public Eye report details how Cerelac and other baby foods with added sugar are being marketed in South Africa as a healthy, nutritious food choice for children. Adverts often draw on generations of brand loyalty.
Nestlé touts Cerelac as a good nutrition booster for babies as young as six months, and has promoted the product as a solution to “hidden hunger”, which is when children get enough calories but not enough nutrients to grow well. The company also recommends adding Cerelac to cooked vegetables.
Nestlé has contracted influencers, including athletics star Caster Semenya, to promote Cerelac. In 2023, Semenya told her 250,000 Facebook followers that Cerelac is a “champion meal” in her family. “I want [my daughter] to reach for the stars and all of that starts with what we feed her.”
While government regulations prohibit the advertising of infant formula for babies under the age of six months, baby cereals like Cerelac may be advertised, as long as the packaging declares protein content and explains that it should be prepared with boiled or clean water.
But according to public health researcher Nosihle Zingali, who has worked as a clinical dietician in rural areas for more than ten years, parents in rural Eastern Cape often stretch formula milk with Cerelac.
These are also areas where households seldom meet the criteria, such as access to clean water, to safely switch to formula milk from breast milk.
A 2018 study found that 80% of babies in Gintyintsimbi, a village in rural Eastern Cape, were bottle-fed with formula by their third month, and nine out of ten infants received a mixture of formula and cereal within their first six months.
