African leaders have renewed efforts for health sovereignty, adopting a Presidential Declaration to produce at least 60 per cent of health products locally by 2040.
The declaration was adopted at the 39th Ordinary Session of the African Union (AU) in Addis Ababa on Saturday.
It signals a shift from policy to action, including pooled procurement, financing mechanisms, and skills transfer across member states.
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) is central to the strategy.
Africa CDC is championing the African Pooled Procurement Mechanism (APPM) as a “Buy African” market-shaping initiative.
Despite a population of more than 1.4 billion people, Africa currently imports between 70 per cent and 90 per cent of its pharmaceuticals and nearly all vaccines and high-end diagnostics.
Renowned virologist Prof. Oyewale Tomori said the COVID-19 pandemic exposed Africa’s heavy reliance on imports.
This, he said, occurred when export bans, supply chain disruptions, and vaccine nationalism left many African countries at the back of the global queue.
Tomori said the AU’s declaration aims to reverse this trend through demand aggregation, long-term offtake agreements, and an APPM Capital Fund to support African manufacturers.
For Nigeria, he said the declaration could be a turning point, given its position as the continent’s largest pharmaceutical market.
“Nigeria already has a growing pharmaceutical manufacturing base, including companies such as Fidson Healthcare Plc, May & Baker Nigeria Plc, Biovaccines Nigeria Ltd., and Innovative Biotech in Nigeria,” he said.
Industry stakeholders said the success of the AU initiative could expand regional export opportunities for Nigerian firms under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), provided regulatory harmonization and quality assurance standards are strengthened.
Mrs Maimuna Abdullahi, Health Economist and Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist at Africa Health Budget Network, said predictable pooled procurement contracts could improve manufacturers’ access to capital.
“The biggest challenge for African manufacturers is market uncertainty. If governments guarantee long-term offtake through pooled procurement, banks are more willing to finance expansion,” Abdullahi said.
The declaration commits AU member states to mobilize sustainable financing and operationalize “Regional Capacity and Capability Networks” to enhance skills development and technology transfer.
However, a vaccine development expert and CEO of Innovative Biotech, Dr Simon Agwale, noted that achieving 60 per cent local production by 2040 would require regulatory harmonization across African markets.
He also highlighted the need for stable power, industrial infrastructure, access to affordable foreign exchange, and strong national medicines regulatory authorities.
For Nigeria, he said alignment among the Federal Ministry of Health, Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment, and financial institutions would be essential.
The declaration endorses an Extraordinary Summit on African Health Products Manufacturing in Nairobi in the second quarter of 2026.
The summit will be chaired by Kenya’s President William Ruto and the AU Champion on Local Manufacturing.
Observers said the Nairobi summit would test whether political commitment translates into legally binding procurement reforms and concrete investment pledges.
Public health policy analyst Dr Gabriel Adakole argued that local manufacturing is no longer just an industrial policy issue but a health security necessity.
“During recent global emergencies, including COVID-19 and Mpox outbreaks, supply constraints limited access to essential vaccines and diagnostics across several African countries,” he said.
Adakole said strengthening domestic production could reduce Africa’s vulnerability to global shocks, create jobs, and build resilient supply chains.
“For Nigeria, the question is whether this continental ambition can catalyze long-awaited reforms in industrial policy, financing, and regulatory strengthening, and position the country as a regional pharmaceutical hub,” he said.
If effectively implemented, he said, the AU’s 2040 target could reshape Africa’s health economy and redefine its place in global health supply chains.
